What are the main materials of wires and cables

Femtosecond testing found that the structural components of wire and cable products can be generally divided into four main structural components: conductor, insulating layer, shield, and protective layer, as well as filler and tension bearing components.
(1) Wire: The most basic and essential main component of a product for transmitting current or electromagnetic wave information.
Main Material: Conductor is the abbreviation for conductive wire core, made of copper, aluminum, copper clad steel, copper clad aluminum, and other non ferrous metals with excellent electrical conductivity, and optical fiber is used as the conductor.
There are bare copper wires and tinned wires; Single branch line and stranded wire; Twisted tinned wire.
(2) Insulation layer: A component that is wrapped around the periphery of a wire and plays an electrical insulation role. That is, it is necessary to ensure that the transmitted current or electromagnetic wave or light wave only travels along the wire and does not flow outward, and that the potential (i.e., the potential difference or voltage formed to the surrounding objects) on the conductor can be isolated, which is to ensure the normal transmission function of the wire and the safety of external objects and people. Wire and insulation layer are two basic components that must be provided for cable products (excluding bare wires).
Main materials: PVC, PE, XLPE, polypropylene PP, fluoroplastic F, rubber, paper, mica tape
(3) Filler structure: Many wire and cable products are multi-core. After forming these insulated wire cores or pairs into cables (or grouping them into cables for multiple times), the first reason is that the appearance is not rounded, and the second reason is that there is a large gap between the insulated wire cores. Therefore, it is necessary to add a filler structure during cable formation. The filler structure is to make the outer diameter of the cable relatively rounded to facilitate tape wrapping and sheath extrusion.
Main material: PP rope
(4) Shielding: A component that isolates the electromagnetic field in a cable product from the external electromagnetic field; Some cables also need to be isolated from each other between different pairs (or groups) inside them. It can be said that the shielding layer is an "electromagnetic isolation screen". The conductor shielding and insulation shielding of high-voltage cables are designed to homogenize the distribution of electric fields.
Main materials: bare copper wire, copper clad steel wire, tinned copper wire
(5) Sheath: When wire and cable products are installed and operated in various environments, they must have components that protect the product as a whole, especially the insulation layer. This is called sheath.
Because insulating materials are required to have excellent electrical insulation properties, they must have a high purity and minimal impurity content; It is often impossible to take into account its ability to protect the outside world, so the ability to withstand or resist various mechanical forces from the outside world, resistance to the atmospheric environment, resistance to chemicals or oils, prevention of biological damage, and reduction of fire hazards must be borne by various protective layer structures.
Main materials: PVC, PE, rubber, aluminum, steel strip
(6) Tensile elements: Typical structures include steel core aluminum stranded wire, optical fiber and cable, etc. In summary, tensile components play a major role in the development of special small, flexible products that require multiple bending and twisting operations.
Main material: steel wire